What Is Gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is often called the “stomach flu.” However, it is not related to the flu virus. Instead, it is an infection of the stomach and intestines. Usually, viruses, bacteria, or parasites cause it. Because gastroenteritis spreads easily, it is common in many places around the world. Early recognition of gastroenteritis symptoms can help you manage the illness and prevent complications.

Common Gastroenteritis Symptoms

Most people notice symptoms within one to three days after infection. While symptoms can vary, the most common gastroenteritis symptoms include:Diarrhea (loose or watery stools)Nausea or vomitingStomach cramps or painFever (sometimes mild)Headache or body achesLoss of appetiteFeeling tired or weak

Because these symptoms can appear suddenly, it is important to watch for changes in your health.

How Symptoms Differ by Age Group

Gastroenteritis symptoms can look different in children, adults, and older adults. For example, children may become fussy or refuse to eat. Adults often notice more stomach pain. Older adults may become weak or dizzy more quickly. Therefore, it is important to know what to expect for each age group.

Children

Frequent diarrhea or vomitingDry mouth or lipsCrying without tearsLess urine (fewer wet diapers)Unusual sleepiness or fussiness

Adults

Stomach pain and crampsDiarrhea and vomitingMuscle achesFeeling tired

Older Adults

Weakness or dizzinessConfusion or trouble thinking clearlyRapid heartbeatDry mouth

Because children and older adults can get dehydrated quickly, watch their symptoms closely.

Mild vs. Severe Symptoms

Most cases of gastroenteritis are mild. However, some signs show the illness is getting worse. For instance, mild symptoms include a few episodes of diarrhea or vomiting. You may also have a low fever or mild stomach pain. On the other hand, severe symptoms can be dangerous. These include:Blood in stool or vomitHigh fever (over 102°F or 39°C)Severe stomach painSigns of dehydration (very dry mouth, little or no urine, dizziness)Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea for more than two days

If you notice any severe symptoms, you should act quickly.

When to See a Doctor for Gastroenteritis

Sometimes, home care is enough. But, you should seek medical help if you or a loved one:Cannot keep liquids downShows signs of dehydrationHas blood in stool or vomitHas a high or lasting feverFeels confused or very weakIs a baby, elderly, or has a weak immune system

Because some regions have higher risks of certain infections, local outbreaks may also be a reason to see a doctor sooner.

Possible Complications If Symptoms Are Ignored

Ignoring gastroenteritis symptoms can lead to serious problems. For example, dehydration is the most common risk. Without enough fluids, your body cannot work well. In rare cases, untreated gastroenteritis can cause kidney problems or severe infections. Therefore, it is important to treat symptoms early and seek help if they get worse.

Tips for Symptom Relief at Home

Most people recover from mild gastroenteritis at home. Here are some tips to help you feel better:Drink clear fluids like water, broth, or oral rehydration solutionsEat small, bland meals (such as toast, rice, or bananas)Rest as much as possibleAvoid caffeine, alcohol, and fatty foodsWash your hands often to prevent spreading the illness

Because children and older adults lose fluids faster, watch them closely and offer fluids often.

Conclusion: When to Seek Help

In summary, gastroenteritis symptoms can range from mild to severe. While most people recover at home, some need medical care. Consult a healthcare professional if you or a loved one experience severe or persistent symptoms.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO)