Vaginal cancer is a rare but serious form of cancer that occurs in the tissues of the vagina. Early detection and proper treatment are crucial to improving outcomes. This blog will explore what vaginal cancer is, its symptoms, how it's diagnosed, and the treatment options available.

What Is Vaginal Cancer?

Vaginal cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the vaginal tissues grow uncontrollably. The most common type is **squamous cell carcinoma**, which starts in the lining of the vagina. Another form, **adenocarcinoma**, develops in the glandular cells. Though rare, vaginal cancer can spread to nearby organs, making early detection essential.

What Are the Early Signs of Vaginal Cancer?

Early stages of vaginal cancer may not show symptoms, which is why regular gynaecological exams are important. As the cancer progresses, you may experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after intercourse or menopause)
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pain during intercourse
• A lump or mass in the vagina
• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Frequent urination or urinary urgency

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to see your healthcare provider as soon as possible for evaluation.

What Causes Vaginal Cancer?

The exact cause of vaginal cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors increase your chances of developing it. These include:

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection: This sexually transmitted virus is linked to many types of cancers, including vaginal cancer.

Age: Vaginal cancer is more common in women over 60.

Smoking: Smoking weakens your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off abnormal cells.

History of cervical cancer: Women who have had cervical cancer or pre-cancerous conditions are at higher risk.

How Is Vaginal Cancer Diagnosed?

To diagnose vaginal cancer, your doctor will likely perform a pelvic exam and a Pap smear. If abnormalities are found, additional tests such as a biopsy or imaging scans(like an MRI or CT scan) may be necessary to determine the presence of cancerous cells. Early detection through regular screenings significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.

What Are The Treatment Options For Vaginal Cancer?

The treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: In early stages, the removal of cancerous tissues may be sufficient. In more advanced cases, a hysterectomy or other surgical options may be necessary.
• Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells
• Chemotherapy: Medication is used to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells
• Targeted therapy: This focuses on targeting specific cancer cells without affecting healthy tissues

Your doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment plan based on your specific case.

Vaginal cancer is rare, but early detection and treatment are key to successful outcomes. Regular gynaecological exams, awareness of symptoms, and understanding your risk factors can help prevent or catch the disease in its early stages.

Notice any unusual symptoms? Don’t wait – contact your doctor today.